The Fight Against Ideas for Essay Topics

The Fight Against Ideas for Essay Topics By way of example, in college, you might be requested to compose a paper from the opposing viewpoint. There are several steps that you should take so as to write an exceptional essay. On our site you'll find a whole lot more useful special information that is certain to be practical for junior and higher school kids from, like common home task essay about Hamlet, together with, for instance, application essays for college for future students. Attempt to consider what age is very good for students to date with one another. The Appeal of Ideas for Essay Topics In choosing your topic, it's frequently a good notion to start out with a subject which you already have some familiarity with. If you can select the problem all on your own, it's possible to develop the issue of interest! Once you choose a topic, you should reply to the query and substantiate your response with three or more motivations as to why you think like that. Each topic is broken into subtopics that you should prepare. The point is that someone with a wide ranging vocabulary needs to be in a position to chat about any of the common essay topics easily using words that are particular to that topic. Preferably, it must be something which you're an expert in. When choosing what to write about, be certain that it is something which you understand about. The 5-Minute Rule for Ideas for Essay Topics An argumentative paper is part of the persuasion. Another good idea is to receive some totally free essay examples of different sorts and on various subjects to find a general idea of the way in which a thriving debatable paper looks. Moreover, you wish to select an essay topic that's going to let you demonstrate your skills to the best of your ability. Every time you make an attempt to sit down to compose the essay examples, you wind up pre-occupied with different things affecting the caliber of work that you write. Rumors, Lies and Ideas for Essay Topics There are many kinds of essays. They should n ot be written carelessly. Based on this issue and the degree of study of the essay, it's directed to a skilled writer to work on it. The reader ought to take the author's side by the close of the reading. You always intuitively understand once an intriguing essay idea is really the very best idea for you. Different essay types need various questions. When it is short essay examples that you need or any other sort of essay, we're here to assist you at a reasonable cost. Think about the sort of essay you're predicted to produce. An argumentative essay is a certain kind of academic writing. It has never been simpler to obtain inspiration and tips for your next school assignment than at TopicsMill! Very often it becomes hard to choose one particular topic either on account of the many ideas in the student's head, or due to their complete absence. Television is developing a new variant of culture The senior classes ought to be profiled Education for boys and girls ought to be separate Many individuals think the ideal way to travel is by car Activity is the sole means to knowledge The significance of education is underestimated now. For example, some students are always concerned with the notion of finishing the work and so end up not doing the proper thing. Lies You've Been Told Ab out Ideas for Essay Topics Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tough to discover. Thanks to the correct option of presentation style and a thorough understanding of the goals you wish to attain in your essay, there are many categories essay themes may be broken into. Your thesis needs to be relevant so the guide can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go straight to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it. You might discover that a number of the topics can be adapted to suit almost any type of writing assignment. If you believe you will need assistance with your written assignments it is preferable to request skilled help from online writing service. To compose a strong argumentative essay, students should start by familiarizing themselves with a number of the common, and frequently conflicting, positions on the research topic so they can write an educated paper. Tons of students put on a uniform. Ideas for Essay Topics - Overview Finding the most suitable arguments will allow you to prove your point and win. If you've got to compose your whole essay in 1 day, do your very best to give yourself breaks so you don't burn out. Following are various kinds of essay topics for students that are categorized in many sections so you can easily chose the topic depending on your need and requirement.

The Purpose, Impacts And Responsibilities Of Businesses

The Purpose, Impacts and Responsibilities of Businesses Aziken Ifeoma P14128621 MSc Engineering Management Green Business (ENGT5219) 2 March, 2015 SUMMARY: GREEN BUSINESS The need for businesses to adopt a sustainable approach to the creation of goods and services has become paramount in recent years as pressure to employ strategies that reduce or remove negative effects on the environment increases. In order for a business to successfully implement a sustainable approach to the provision of goods and services, they would have to take a critical look into the different aspects of day to day business operations, assessing these operations and re-modifying them to achieve standard sustainable practices. Sustainability is a broad term and involves the integration of a host of strategies to achieve a desired outcome with regards to the way businesses operate. Strategies such as, green technology, eco manufacturing, eco machining, clean production and so on, have to be employed to alleviate environmental concerns such as pollution, material toxicity, greenhouse gas emissions and much more. The challenge now for businesses is to redesign processes and practices that will result in less environmental and societal degradation, but at the same retain or increase their share in the global market. CONTENTS SUMMARY: GREEN BUSINESS 2 CONTENTS 3 INTRODUCTION 4 Businesses: Why do businesses exist? 4 IMPACTS OFShow MoreRelatedThe Social Responsibility of a Business647 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿The Social Responsibility of Business: The role of business in the society became a major aspect across business after Milton Freedman wrote the most provocative article in 1970. As an economist, Freedman stated that the main purpose of businesses is to generate profits for its shareholders. 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Normative Foundations Of Critical Theories - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Normative Foundations Of Critical Theories. Answer: Introduction: Ethics are certain moral duties that help to systemise a work or culture and differentiate in between the right and wrong (Shafer-Landau, 2014). Ethics are defined as good habit by the Greek anthropologists. It concentrates on the human morality and classified into three parts such as meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. According to Rushworth Kidder, ethics helps to find out the morality within a human being. In the words of Larry Churchill, ethics direct the human action and maintain the human capacity. Moral agents are the person who separate the positive from the negative and decide their action based on that. The main objective of the moral agents is to observe the situation so that no unjustified harm can take place (Forcehimes, 2015). The executive members of a company are playing the role of moral agents and their duty is to take a vision on the company affairs In case of any wrong activity, they should have to give necessary advice to the management in order to avoid the unjustified harm. The proper approach of the moral agents regarding ethics is to be determined and according to the philosophers, moral agents follow the normative ethics (May, 2017). Normative theories help the moral agents to point out the right and wrong action. However, normative theory can be divided into certain parts such as utilitarianism, categorical imperative, virtue ethics and intuitionism. Ethical decision of the moral agents is multi-dimensional. The dimensions can be categorised as: (i) sense of social responsibility, (ii) organisational culture, and (iii) organisational policies taken by the moral agents. It has been observed that there are certain companies, where the moral agents had not maintained the ethical approaches and that wrong activity led the company towards its winding up process. This report will discuss about such two companies and will point out the duty and role of the moral agents and ethical dimensions to denote their action. Ethical theories: Ethics are the moral principles that determine the nature and character of an act or work. The philosophers have divided the ethical approaches into three parts: meta-ethics, normative ethics and applied ethics. The duties of the moral agents are influenced by the normative ethical approaches (MacKinnon Fiala, 2014). In general, normative ethics are denoted certain ethical actions that are to be taken place during the performance a job or determine a duty. It makes an investigation to the action taken by the moral agents and determines the standards of an action. It is different from the meta-ethical approach and do not concentrate on the metaphysics or lingual aspects. Moral agents are governed by the normative theory as this theory made an attempt to investigate the reason that makes an action right or wrong (Honneth, 2014). However, philosophers have divided the theory in certain parts. The first part can be called as utilitarianism. This theory attempts to determine the rightness and wrongness of an action by the virtue of cost-benefit analysis. The supporters of this theory believe that an act can be good or bad as per their consequence. If the consequence is good, it will be called as right and if the consequence is bad, it will be termed as negative work. The utilitarian supporters believe that a person should not discriminate others with the intension to earn benefit for them. Everyone has an opportunity to choose either good or bad action. Person should concentrate over the consequence of an action (Christians et al., 2015). However, it is not mandatory to apply this theory only in case of making a decision. The theory can be applied in every possible steps of a human being. The second part of normative theory is known as categorical imperative. This theory deals with the rationalism and control the behaviour of a person. According to Robert Johnson, the rationalism is governed by the universal law and motivates the people so that they could not undermine others with an object to feather their own nest. The third part of the theory can be called as virtue ethics. The main profounder of this theory was Aristotle. This theory concentrates on the personal happiness and suggests taking all the right action to fulfil the happiness (Frederickson Rohr, 2015). However, it should be kept in mind that the notion of Aristotle regarding the happiness is quite different from the pleasure. It is the rational duty of the person to develop the standard with the help of good things and should not deceive others. The fourth and the last part of the theory are known as intuitionism. W. D. Ross had coined the theory to explain the nature and character of right and wrong action. It has been observed by Ross that people has certain prima facie duties and that duties can be divided into certain parts such as duty of fidelity, duty of reparation etc. Therefore, it can be stated that the main objective of the normative theory is to verify the action of a person whether the action done by him is right or wrong. In this report, two different cases has been discussed on the duties of the moral agency. The moral agency denotes the capability of an individual to judge the nature of an activity and determine required action based on the rightness or wrongness of the act. Moral characters are playing an important role and it has been observed that the character is depending on the theory of normative principle and empirical psychology. The character evaluates the moral qualities of a person and consists of virtue and vices as well (Trevino Nelson, 2016). Morality should have certain characters such as empathy, courage, fortitude, honesty and loyalty. These characters help to grow the moral nature within a human being and assist to achieve the goal rightfully. The moral characters are necessary to make an ethical decision (Brey, 2014). In this report, two different case have been discussed where the moral agents have failed to maintain their duties properly and both the companies were held liable for ponzi scams. The executives of the both the companies are Bernard Madoff and Bernard Ebbers. Bernard Madoff was a financier who had made false promise to certain investors to invest their savings and was being charged under the offence of fraud, money laundering and theft (Azim Azam, 2016). The process adopted by him is called Ponzi scheme. However, Ponzi schemes are not illegal, rather quite profitable. In this scheme, the promisor collects money from investors and repays the promised amount to the old investors and makes a huge profit (Baer, 2014). However, if the promise maker does not repay the amount to the investors, the act becomes illegal. Madoff was a well known person in the financial world and therefore, it becomes easier to him to attract the investors and grab their money and flown off. It has been observ ed that the accountant and the personal legal advisor of Madoff had to face imprisonment for such scam (Lewis, 2016). Similar mishap has been taken place in case of Bernard Ebber. He was the CEO of WorldCom. He was held liable for the scam of $100 million and secured his place in the five biggest and historical Wall Street scam of all time. Ebber had joined as a financier in the Long Distance Discount Services. Later he joined as the CEO of WorldCom, which is a telecommunication-based commercial house. Before the appointment of Ebber, the managing director of WorldCom made certain fraudulent entries. After his joining, he came to know about these entities and conspire to falsify the financial reports. However, the activities were suppressed and came into light after the publication of Bernard Madoffs Ponzi scheme. However, the American court had pleased to pass an order of imprisonment for a term of 150 years to him. Therefore, it has been observed from the cases that both the persons, Bernard Ebber and Bernard Madoff were the executive members and very well known in their respective fields. Therefore, they should have played the role of a moral agent. However, it has been observed that they failed to do so and engaged in certain scams to gain own profit. According to the normative theory, the moral agents should not make any profit in illegal way or with any illegal purpose. They should have to determine the rightness and the wrongness of an action and decide their working criteria based on that. They should apply ethics while completing their works and all their works should be based on rationality. As per the theory mentioned by Emanuel Kant, a moral agent should act in good faith and should maintain a good will. It is clear from the Utilitarianism theory that all the important positions holder of any entities or the moral agents should have to act for the production of good possibility and assess the moral codes for the betterment of humanity and justice (Richman, 2014). However, in these cases, it had been observed that none of the executive rank holder had fulfilled their respective duties and engages themselves in certain illegal activities. All of them had taken an active part in the scams and flown away with the money of the investors. Application of the theories: It is important to apply the ethical prospects to the decisions of the moral agents such as the apex managements and mention a mandate for them to understand the ethical perspectives. It is the duty of the moral agents to verify their actions on the basis of the normative theory. Normative theory helps them to identify and point out the rightness and wrongness of the action so that they can decide an action framework. According to the utilitarian, courage can be considered as an element of morality. Aristotle's discussion of moral character and virtue in particular, is the most influential treatment of such issues. For this reason, his discussion will be used as a beginning point. A moral agent must have certain moral characters and in case of normative ethics, the characters must include certain major approaches such as consequentialism, deontology and virtue ethics. The application of the consequentialism theory points out the action that takes place to get the best result. As per deontological theories, the term morality is based on certain duties and can be considered as ethics of rules. However, the last approach is quite different from both of these. It concentrates on the habits of the individual and not to the rules. There are certain psychological aspects of the character and it has been observed in most of the cases that the characters are divided into two parts such as the moral and the immoral. All the agents, who are morally responsible for an act, can be regarded as moral character or moral agents and the person lack of this character can be treated as non-moral person. However, it is the moral responsibility of the agents to maintain the positive mentality and set out plans according to the nature of the acts. It can therefore be stated that the moral agents should have to show certain reactive attitudes towards the action they have taken. The reactive attitudes can be renamed as the Traditional View of Moral Character. It helps to think of the Traditional View as a family of similar and related views, rather than a fully developed and determinate view itself. The moral responsibility will lead to the moral development. In the cases, it has been observed that the executive members as well as the associated members of both the companies have failed to maintain the rules stated above. They were hold a respectful and important position of the companies and it were their duties to step in the right track and provide necessary guidelines to the investors. However, it has been observed that they have failed to do so as they were engaged in certain scams to earn their own benefit (West, 2017). It has also been noticed that they had adopted certain fraudulent methods to cheat the investors who believed them for certain purposes. All the moral responsibilities that have been discussed and prescribed by certain eminent scholars and philosophers were being denied by them and they had failed to fulfil the requirements of the moral agents. In the case of Bernard Ebber, it has been observed that he came across the truth that his company had forged certain financial documents and falsify the finance report. As the CEO of the company, it was his moral duties to inform the proper authority and maintained a moral approach regarding the same. However, the real event is something different. It has been observed that he had not taken any action regarding the same and involved in the scam of $100 million. The executive members of the company are treated as the moral agents and they investigate the rightness or wrongness in a job or work and implement certain guidelines based on the same. Therefore, it can be stated that Bernard Ebber had failed to comply with all the moral duties and ethics. In case of Bernard Madoff, similar situation had cropped up and he engaged in a Ponzi scheme that placed him in the historical scams of the Wall Street (Peterson, 2016). It has been observed that he had collected money from the investors by make a promise to double their money and after collecting all the capital, he had flown away without keeping his promise. He was a reputed financier and he should maintain the rules prescribed in the normative theory (Mandell, 2015). There are certain features too that should be maintained by them. D. Ross had stated certain duties to be maintained by the moral agents during their operation of works such as duty of fidelity, duty of gratitude, duty of reparation, duty of beneficence and duty of no injury. The main objective of duty of fidelity is to keep the promise that has been made to others. However, it has been observed in both the cases that the executive members had failed to perform the duty of fidelity and failed to keep the promise. The duty of reparation has not been maintained too. Intuition is the way contemplation that can lead to knowledge of self-evidence. Ross had stated that the duties should have to be determined first and then the agent should implement the same to others. In both the cases, it is important to apply the provisions of normative approaches. It is the duty of the moral agents to foster certain ethical approaches for the benefit of the organisation. It should be immoral if they will engage their idea to earn secret profit by denying the ethical rules and behaviour. Researchers are identifying an array of beneficial outcomes arising from ethical leadership, including increased willingness of employees to use voice to improve their organization, greater employee job satisfaction and sense of well-being, and increased trust in organization leaders, both from employees and the public (Gibson, 2016). However, Local government is a vital focus for ethics research, given that local jurisdictions across the globe have democratic mandates and responsibilities for disbursing significant quantities of public funds. It has observed in both the cases that both the moral agents had to face harsh penalties and lifetime imprisonment for the acts they had done during their working session. According to Bryman, leadership can be defined as a process of social influence whereby a leader steers members of a group towards a goal. The construction of the ethical leaders are vague as in focusing on influencing mechanisms, they do not specify normative reference points that ethical leaders can use in promoting followers to behave ethically. However, it can be stated that the moral agents should abide by the principles of normative theories to avoid any ethical dilemmas (Bernard et al., 2016). Conclusion: It can be concluded that ethics are playing an important role in determine the behaviour of human being and prescribe suggestion on the rightfulness of the human action. There are certain kinds of ethical approaches present of which normative approach make an attempt to determine the duty of the moral agents and prescribe certain framework so that they can make all the important decisions based on the same principle. In this report, two cases are being discussed that point out the ethical duty of the executive members of a company and consequence they have to face on violating the ethical principles. The executive members of the companies are known as the moral agents and they should have to maintain certain wise steps for the betterment of the company and secure the interest of the others. The object of the normative approach is to notice so that no one can earn illegal gain or profit and they should have to make a proper action plan after analysing the rightfulness of the action (D eason, Rajgopal, Waymire, 2015). In both the cases, there were certain common factors. It has been observed that both Bernard Ebber and Bernard Madoff had infringed the rules of the moral agents and deceived others by non-maintaining the promises. According to Gregory Bigley, a moral agent should have to maintain the provisions of the normative ethics as they are holding an important position and they should not deceive the others for the interest of equity and justice. Reference: Azim, M., Azam, M. (2016). Bernard Madoff's' Ponzi scheme': Fraudulent behaviour and the role of auditors.Accountancy Business and the Public Interest,15(122-137). Azim, M., Azam, M. (2016). Bernard Madoff's' Ponzi scheme': Fraudulent behaviour and the role of auditors.Accountancy Business and the Public Interest,15(122-137). Baer, M. H. (2014). Confronting the Two Faces of Corporate Fraud. Baucus, M. S., Mitteness, C. R. (2016). Crowdfrauding: Avoiding Ponzi entrepreneurs when investing in new ventures.Business horizons,59(1), 37-50. Bernard, P., de Freitas, N. E. M., Maillet, B., Modesto, A. (2016). An Index of Detection of Anomalies for Investors.Revue conomique,67(5), 1037-1056. Brey, P. (2014). From moral agents to moral factors: The structural ethics approach. InThe moral status of technical artefacts(pp. 125-142). Springer Netherlands. Christians, C. G., Fackler, M., Richardson, K., Kreshel, P., Woods, R. H. (2015).Media ethics: Cases and moral reasoning. Routledge. Deason, S., Rajgopal, S., Waymire, G. B. (2015). Who gets swindled in Ponzi schemes?. Forcehimes, A. T. (2015). On LW Sumners Normative Ethics and Metaethics.Ethics,125(4), 1142-1144. Frederickson, H. G., Rohr, J. A. (2015).Ethics and public administration. Routledge. Gibson, D. R. (2016). Ignorance at Risk: Interaction at the Epistemic Boundary of Bernard Madoffs Ponzi Scheme.Qualitative Sociology,39(3), 221-246. Honneth, A. (2014).Disrespect: the normative foundations of critical theory. John Wiley Sons. Lewis, L. S. (2016).Bernard Madoff and His Accomplices: Anatomy of a Con: Anatomy of a Con. ABC-CLIO. MacKinnon, B., Fiala, A. (2014).Ethics: Theory and contemporary issues. Nelson Education. Mandell, H. (2015). Imagine what the Gentiles must think: Editors of the Jewish press reflect on covering the Bernard Madoff scandal.Journalism, Audiences and Diaspora, New York: Palgrave, 17-33. Manning, P. (2017). Madoffs Ponzi Investment Fraud: A Social Capital Analysis.Journal of Financial Crime. May, L. (Ed.). (2017).Applied ethics: A multicultural approach. Routledge. Monaghan, L. F., O'Flynn, M. (2017). The Madoffization of Irish society: from Ponzi finance to sociological critique.The British journal of sociology,68(4), 670-692. Peterson, J. (2016). Teed off at Bernard Madoff? His character was provable on the golf course.Research in Accounting Regulation,2(28), 131. Ponzi, A. G. M. S. (2015). Scheme in Eastern Europe. Richman, D. C. (2014). Corporate Headhunting.Harv. L. Pol'y Rev.,8, 265. Shafer-Landau, R. (2014). The fundamentals of ethics. Trevino, L. K., Nelson, K. A. (2016).Managing business ethics: Straight talk about how to do it right. John Wiley Sons. West, J. (2017). The Dialogues of Bernie Madoff's Ponzi Fraud: An Exploration of the Discourses of Greed, Cliques, Peer Pressure, and Error.International Journal of Semiotics and Visual Rhetoric (IJSVR),1(1), 47-55.

Why did it take Lincoln so long to allow blacks to join the military and fight for the north in the Civil War Essay Example Essay Example

Why did it take Lincoln so long to allow blacks to join the military and fight for the north in the Civil War? Essay Example Paper Why did it take Lincoln so long to allow blacks to join the military and fight for the north in the Civil War Essay Introduction The inauspicious commencement of the Civil War signalled that the war would not be a brief affair, even if such briefness had earlier been anticipated. The first battle christened the Bull Run on July 21 1861, pitted federal troops numbering 30,000 under General Irvin McDonell against Confederate troops numbering 22,000 under General P.G.T. Beauregard.1 The defensive superiority of the Confederates rent a major blow to the budding press corps. This was just the beginning. Even though the Union forces desired to increase their manpower concerns in the white American mind rent questions as regards the black man’s degree of intelligence, humanity and common sense. These questions and doubts created a situation in which the Lincoln administration was unsure of which side the African Americans slaves would take in the conflict between the Union and the Confederacy. Most whites believed that blacks could barely comprehend the nature of the war. Moreover, the degree of their loyalty to their slave masters rendered them irrelevant to the overall outcome of the conflict.1 These initial doubts to the recruitment of the black soldier were answered unambiguously just within the initial weeks of the war. As the Union forces advanced and occupied South Carolina Sea Islands, slaves escaped from the plantations and joined the Union army lines. To understand the developments in the Civil War, a concise exposition is worthwhile. The Civil War gave the slave population the opportunity to actively engage in their own emancipation and become free men. Even though major slave uprisings were absent and not more than a quarter of the overall slave population made it in the Union lines, slavery disintegrated as the Union Armies moved with irreversible momentum into the slave territories.2 Through the act of seizing their freedom whenever opportune, African Americans became enshrined into a self-emancipation process. The process was to extend to almost all spheres of their lives leading into the reconstruction. After Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation on January 1, 1863, the black quest for freedom was converted into an official war aim. Even though the proclamation was historically congruent to Lincoln’s constitutional scruples, the ramifications of the proclamation itself was lost on the general public who viewed it as nothing but a general moral anti-slavery crusade. Why did it take Lincoln so long to allow blacks to join the military and fight for the north in the Civil War? Essay Body Paragraphs However, blacks began to sense that the war against the Confederacy was a war for their own liberation; the war was caused by their being slaves and that the end result of the war would be their eventual freedom.3 Therefore as federal forces advanced, they acted as a magnet; attracting slaves from the adjacent areas. The first attraction of such kind occurred in Charleston, South Carolina, Savannah and Georgia. Geographically these areas covered rice and sea island plantations. As more and more blacks hurried into the Union enclaves, the surrounding areas which had hitherto been ripe in slavery collapsed. As the Union armies moved into New Orleans, thousands of blacks moved into Union camps resulting in the collapse of slavery in the entire lower Mississippi. This ripple effect was repeated as the Union forces advanced into new areas. In New Orleans the Southern myths that blacks were docile were blown away when the black populations decided to release years of accumulated hostility and anger. The slaves seized the lands for their own use, drove off overseers, stopped working or fled to the Union camps.4 As blacks continued to pour into contraband camps, the mortality rates increased averaging approximately 25%. In line with the Union policy, these refugees received employment in whatever capacity that was deemed useful to the Union war effort. Both the Navy and the Army organized labour battalions of the increasing black population for work as teamsters, construction hands, laundresses, and cooks and so on. In practice, the employment was akin to imposition of forced labour controls by the military. Thus, the refugees received pay but these wages were way below what their white counterparts’ received. A greater number were also leased out, according to the terms of employment drawn by federal commanders and the conferences and local planters or superintendents representing Northern freedmen’s aid societies, to work in plantations that had been se ized by the Union forces. Amid these employment options, the eagerness of blacks to fight for their cause could not be vanquished because since the war began, blacks had tried, albeit unsuccessfully, to register in enlist in the Union Navy and Army.5 On April 23 1861; a black employee of the United States senate: Jacob Dobson drafted a letter to the Secretary of War to express his determination as well as that of other three hundred Black Americans to militarily play a part in defending their capital. In New York, Black men independently organized drilling sessions in preparation for the war. In a rally held in Boston in April 1861, blacks expressed their wish that the statutes prohibition their enlistment in the United States army be abolished. Despite all these, Lincoln still held profound doubts about the character of black males. He feared that if blacks were to be armed, then in a few weeks time the same arms would be in the hands of the rebels.1 On another occasion Lincoln rei terated that should blacks be enlisted in the army then it would be akin to betraying the political realities that existed at that time. He was disturbed that such an enlistment would turn the fifty thousand bayonets originating from the Border States that were loyal against the Union. During the war there existed a popular sentiment that the Civil War was a white mans war. Others feared that enlisting the black man into the army increased their probability of being successful in the battlefield hence making the black man gain additional respect that the white had no intention of extending to their black brethren. Added to these concerns, was the discriminatory attitudes among the white soldiers who believed that it was extremely deteriorating to fight alongside a race they considered too inferior. It is prudent to note that during this period, the white male was viewed as being too cowardly and an unthinking menial. Such an image was extrapolated to imply that they when recruited t hey would be poor soldiers In 1863, Lincoln made a bold step that created the program for the enlistment of black soldiers into the federal forces. At the onset of the program, the insecurities of the Northern white supremacist majority were immediately aroused as they thought that the Union and its gains may be tainted if blacks shed blood in their own defence or in the process of liberating the remaining slaves. This was one of the reasons that Lincoln had delayed the recruitment of blacks in the Union forces. The presence of political risks posed by white backlash as well as the military danger that such a move would lead to a drop in morale other challenges to the recruitment of blacks in the army. However, he overcame these challenges by successful implementing the policy whose main aim was to increase manpower in the Union armies. Eventually, the policy enabled the recruitment of 200,000 Afro-Americans in the Union military.2 The recruitment of blacks into the military did not instantaneously transform the northern racial attitudes; in fact it exacerbated racial tensions and intensified the Democratic opposition to the emancipation. The black soldiers were segregated, given meagre pay, commanded by white officers and deemed fit for the labour battalions and the garrison.6 As blacks transformed the war into a revolution intent on throwing out the old order, Lincoln attitude towards the policy changed from that of reluctance to that of enthusiasm. Blacks soldiers fighting for their own liberation signified the progress in the revolution that Lincoln had started by the Emancipation Proclamation. In the South, the response to black enlistment was ferocious both on paper and practically. Upon hearing of the policy, General Beauregard called for the execution of black Union soldiers. A sober analysis of the Generals policy prevented the enforcement of such an order but there were evidences of the execution of black soldiers in the South either in the battlefie ld or thereafter. Reports and rumours of such massacres caused a vexation among the Union authorities during the entire war period. This was one of the main reasons why Lincoln had initially hesitated to enlist blacks in the Union army as combatants since they had a high risk of capture. Moreover, the Confederate utterly refused to treat black soldiers who were captured as legitimate prisoners of war. This refusal eventually led to the breakdown of prisoner of war exchanges. As the war strode on attitudes that has delayed their recruitment in the Union Army began to change. There are those who believed that recruiting blacks was a sure way of saving whites from dying in the battlefield. Expanding the ranks with black men also served in hastening the war towards its end. Despite the difficulties these black soldiers faced such as discrimination from white soldiers, white men, bad food, cold winter quarters, boredom, loneliness, hard drilling hours, dirt and diseases, they endured the m all. On the other hand, they were earning a reputation for exhibiting courage under fire, winning heroic invasions on Confederate territory.7 Numerous accounts of unflinching courage among colored regiments finally silenced the critics of the emancipation and black enlistment. However, from the first day that the blacks entered into the battlefield they faced greater perils than the white soldiers. As prisoners of war, they were either shot or hanged. In reaction, Lincoln threatened the confederates that for every single soldier shot or hung, the same will be done to rebel prisoners of war. It was this threat that led to the cessation of prisoner exchanges as the South refused to hand over black prisoners of war and so the execution by the South continued, but these actions could not stop blacks from enlisting into the army. As the Civil war ended, between 180,000-200,000 African Americans had adorned the Union uniform; constituting 10% of the Northern Army. We will write a custom essay sample on Why did it take Lincoln so long to allow blacks to join the military and fight for the north in the Civil War? Essay Example specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Why did it take Lincoln so long to allow blacks to join the military and fight for the north in the Civil War? Essay Example specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Why did it take Lincoln so long to allow blacks to join the military and fight for the north in the Civil War? 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Trade protection in agriculture by European Union and the United States results in gains for some and loss for others. Evaluate the impact of US Farm Policy or EU Common Agriculture Policy on developing countries.

Trade protection in agriculture by European Union and the United States results in gains for some and loss for others. Evaluate the impact of US Farm Policy or EU Common Agriculture Policy on developing countries. Question 2Trade protection in agriculture by European Union and the United States results in gains for some and loss for others. Evaluate the impact of US Farm Policy or EU Common Agriculture Policy on developing countries.The European Union (EU) is the agricultural leader among developed countries in international trade. It is well-known as a world's major food exporter. In 2010, for example, its agricultural exports, mainly processed foods like beverages, essential oils and food preparations, reached the record level of  ¢Ã‚‚ ¬91 billion (Fritz, 2011). Nevertheless, its position as the world's largest importer, mainly from developing countries, is far more significant. This was proven where around 72% of its agricultural imports are originated from developing countries, which accounted on average US$83 billion worth of agricultural products over the period of 2007 to 2009. This rate is higher than the combined imports of the United States, Japan, Canada, Australia and New Zea land from developing countries, which is around 38% and accounted on average US$64 billion for the same period (Matthews, 2010a; European Commission, 2010).European flag outside the CommissionFor instance, soya, the single most important agricultural commodity imported into the EU, is mainly supplied by Brazil and Argentina. Other important tropical products include coffee, bananas, cocoa beans and palm oil supplied almost entirely by developing countries as well (Fritz, 2011).The EU's Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) was introduced in the early 1960s at a time where farming accounted for a large share of Europe's GDP and population (Bureau Matthews, 2005). The purpose of forming this policy is to promote agriculture throughout the EU by influencing prices, output and farmers' incomes, including provision to protect the rural and agricultural commodity. Apparently, the CAP is introduced based on two pillars, with each pillar funding different policies in different ways. Pillar 1 co mprises both direct payments...

The UNIVAC Computer History and Development

The UNIVAC Computer History and Development The Universal Automatic Computer or UNIVAC was a computer milestone achieved by Dr. Presper Eckert and Dr. John Mauchly, the team that invented the ENIAC computer. John Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, after leaving the academic environment of The Moore School of Engineering to start their own computer business, found their first client was the United States Census Bureau. The Bureau needed a new computer to deal with the exploding U.S. population (the beginning of the famous baby boom). In April 1946, a $300,000 deposit was given to Eckert and Mauchly for the research into a new computer called the UNIVAC. UNIVAC Computer The research for the project proceeded badly, and it was not until 1948 that the actual design and contract was finalized. The Census Bureaus ceiling for the project was $400,000. J Presper Eckert and John Mauchly were prepared to absorb any overrun in costs in hopes of recouping from future service contracts, but the economics of the situation brought the inventors to the edge of bankruptcy. In 1950, Eckert and Mauchly were bailed out of financial trouble by Remington Rand Inc. (manufacturers of electric razors), and the Eckert-Mauchly Computer Corporation became the Univac Division of Remington Rand. Remington Rands lawyers unsuccessfully tried to re-negotiate the government contract for additional money. Under threat of legal action, however, Remington Rand had no choice but to complete the UNIVAC at the original price. On March 31, 1951, the Census Bureau accepted delivery of the first UNIVAC computer. The final cost of constructing the first UNIVAC was close to $1 million. Forty-six UNIVAC computers were built for both government and business uses. Remington Rand became the first American manufacturers of a commercial computer system. Their first non-government contract was for General Electrics Appliance Park facility in Louisville, Kentucky, who used the UNIVAC computer for a payroll application. UNIVAC Specs The UNIVAC had an add time of 120 microseconds, multiply time of 1,800 microseconds and a divide time of 3,600 microseconds.Input consisted of magnetic tape with a speed of 12,800 characters per second with a read-in speed of 100 inches per second, records at 20 characters per inch, records at 50 characters per inch, card to tape converter 240 cards per minute, 80 column punched card input 120 characters per inch, and punched paper tape to magnetic tape converter 200 characters a second.Output media/speed was magnetic tape/12,800 characters per second, uniprinter/10-11 characters per second, high-speed printer/600 lines per minute, tape to card converter/120 cards per minute, Rad Lab buffer storage/Hg 3,500 microsecond, or 60 words per minute. Competition with IBM John Presper Eckert and John Mauchlys UNIVAC was a direct competitor with IBMs computing equipment  for the business market. The speed with which UNIVACs magnetic tape could input data was faster than IBMs punch card technology, but it was not until the presidential election of 1952 that the public accepted the UNIVACs abilities. In a publicity stunt, the UNIVAC computer was used to predict the results of the presidential race between Dwight D. Eisenhower and Adlai Stevenson. The computer had correctly predicted that Eisenhower would win, but the news media decided to blackout the computers prediction and declared that the UNIVAC had been stumped. When the truth was revealed, it was considered amazing that a computer could do what political forecasters could not, and the UNIVAC quickly became a household name. The original UNIVAC now sits in the Smithsonian Institution.

Medical Technologies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Medical Technologies - Essay Example Also, the operator or the clinician is in a position to choose which sections to operate like the brain or even any other part of the body (Seeram 4). This type of scanner has various impacts on both the clinicians and the hospitals. To start with, the clinician can get better and accurate details. Secondly, it is quick as compared to magnetic resonance imaging as it takes less time; hence saving on time. Further, it exposes clinicians to the risk of high dosages of radiation when treating the patients. Additionally, the hospitals have to invest heavily in human capital development due to the changing trends in technology to ensure that their staff operates these machines in the right way. This is a scanning procedure that uses strong magnets and radio-frequency pulses to generate signals from the body (Partain 2). The greatest advantage of using this method is that it does not use radiation, hence, favoring both the clinician and the patients. The method also has a long term effect provided all the safety precautions are followed in the right way. All clinicians are supposed to follow the required instructions when operating this machine. Additionally, it makes the works of the clinicians easier as the machine provides a wide range of details concerning the body even for information about particular illnesses. Also, the machine can make the image on most body parts clearly provide the information that is required. This is because it gives accurate details about various processes and structures in the body even in the forms of data and graphs. These are machines that are used to conduct the dialysis in patients with kidney illnesses. Although the patient can live longer when he or she follows the dialysis procedures, there are various impacts associated with the machines. To start with, these machines are very

Critical Response Paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Critical Response - Research Paper Example The music and sound combination was very influential and ideal for building the mood for what was happening or what is about to happen. Of all the general suppositions that we discussed and argued about in the class regarding the movie’s sound and music, I guess the other most important thing is that the illustration of the bond of blood relations especially that of a mother and daughter that has been portrayed very differently in a motion picture (Williams 30). Although they, as a bottom line, convey the natural purity and unavoidable magnetism of this relation, yet, there projection has been done very differently. As we discussed the term didactic in detail, it can be seen how the didactic theme of the movie puts on to the viewers what to believe and what not to believe. I can confidently use the term didactic about the movies since the movie made me think about it for quite some time after watching it- of a brilliancy that is equally sad and somewhat disturbing. As far as t he story is concerned, it is a dry run mother daughter relationship through an unusual depiction of astounding acting and a splendidly full, melodramatic and emotional score. Glamour radiates in full swing from the scenes of this movie. The use of heighted emotions for revenge and internal emptiness extends till the last scene with some suspense during the mid scenes. The characters look rich and they are tracked by media. It mainly tells a love story about three characters, who are not actually in love. In fact, they are all together for some purpose, hate and revenge (Shaw 60). The two ladies, Rebecca and Becky, the former the daughter and latter the mother, are competing for the same man. Rebecca marries her mother’s boyfriend Manuel, to revenge against her insecurities that she had developed as a child, since her mother stayed more occupied with her romantic life during her childhood, rather than attending to her needs (Shaw 61). The mother gets back her old days feelings when she sees her daughter’s husband. The husband, Manuel, enjoys the attention and adjusts his interests between both the ladies. I have greatly hated the role of the mother in this movie and every time I watch the movie, I develop a hate for the ladies who are ignorant about their kids. The main motif of the movie is the relationship between the mother and the daughter that bounces through many different phases of love, hate, jealousy, rivalry, competition, aggression and frustration and finally gets settled the most natural way- the mother takes up the blame of her daughter’s crime of murdering her husband (Shaw 59). Throughout the movie the mother daughter shows no common areas or resemblances which depict the tension in their relationship. Although filled with negative feelings and sessions of court attempts, murder scenes and social unjust, the movie yet has been highly acclaimed and progressive with the viewers for a number of reasons. The mother daughter relat ionship is way different from the common movies approach. By the end scenes, it gets clearer how the story is intertwined with multiple versions of characters (Williams 33). The film in all is full of magnificent and superlative flourishes. The story does not portray the feeling that world is fake like any other family love based movies. It rather suggests that people in

Children and parents Essay Example for Free

Children and parents Essay A new age man is a man that a man that believes in equality and shares all household chores with is partner exactly and contributes equally as much as the women. This is different from a house husband because this is a man who has had a complete role reversal and takes on the traditional role of a house wife and stays at home full time. We cannot generalise about role relationships across society because changes in role relationships have not occurred at the same pace or to the same extent through all sectors of society. Role relationships vary according to social class and ethnicity. Home based entertainment, for example DIY give spouses things in common which gives them a friendlier and more loving relationship. Contraception has allowed couples to have children later and also it means that a lot of couples choose to have smaller families or no children at all. This does not apply to some religions such as Catholics who do not believe in using contraception. Women can now plan when to start their families and to have children resulting in them planning them around their careers. Feminism is an approach that fights for the equal rights of women. This is a large factor in the changing equality in the home because more women demand to be treat as their partners equal. It has lead to the rejection of the housewife role. There is an increase in male unemployment more men have become more involved in domestic tasks. Jane Wheelock (1990) conducted research into this topic and found that men undertook a lot more housework and childcare while unemployed. One survey showed that mothers that also worked outside home had it worse because they still spend more hours on housework a week then they do at their paid place of work. On average these women spend 62 hours a week on house hold tasks were fathers who also worked only spent 23 hours on house work. Another survey shows that some traditional gender role are still being passed down to the younger generations( 1992-93) such as girls still taking more of a part in cooking, cleaning and child care but boys are doing more things for themselves like cleaning their own rooms, making beds and washing their own clothes. Sometimes sociologists say that social class and ethnicity change role relationships. It is suggested that working class families are more male dominated (patriarchal). Evidence proves that middle class conjugal relationships are more equal than working class ones but it is also said that working class fathers are more involved in childcare. It is believed that Asian families are usually based on unfair patriarchal relationships. Westwood and Bhachu (1988) challenge this idea arguing that images of the Asian family are usually based on prejudice and prejudgement. They point out that Asian families are in fact British families and are a strong source of resistance against the racism of British society. In reality there are ethnic differences between Asian people in Britain according to religion and social class, which makes it hard to generalise about the Asian family. Henriques and Slaugher talk about the patriarchal relationships between men and women. This means that the relationship is male dominated. They talk about the two different segregated roles. Relationships between children and parents have changed over time but it has always varied between working, middle and upper class families. Throughout the nineteenth century life chances varied a lot for different classes for children. A paid employee such as a nanny would often look after higher-class children. This would often separate their children from their parents and so it would be harder for them to develop a strong bond. Working class children on the other hand, especially boys would often have to start work very young. There was a wider range of jobs for boys were available but girls would often have to work in cotton factories. The hours would be long and the pay and conditions would often be unfair. Poverty prevented parents sending their children to school and sometimes they would only send their boys but keep the girls at home to teach them how to be a good housewife. Mothers would often have a close relationship with her daughter. People used to have children so they could send them out to work to earn money for the family. Sometimes parents thought that education just blocked this. Another reason why people used to have children was so they had someone to take care of them in old age. Factors that changed these relationships included the growth of the welfare state, which meant people no longer needed children to look after them in old age. Parents could no longer send children out to work at such a young age because of protective legislation, this meant that law including factory and mine acts stopped it. There was a growth of the meaning of childhood and they remained children for longer because of the state of education in 1870 meant you had to attend school. Children were given more attention by parents, media and toys invented a new childhood and children and parents spent more time together. Today the relationship is usually warmer and more caring than in the past. Children are seen as more important and taken a lot more seriously. There have been changing attitudes towards discipline and laws against hitting children in Scotland. It is now seen as wrong to hurt a child, if they do organisations (social services) get involved. There is more of an emphasis on freedom and childrens rights. Relationships are more children centred and because family sizes are smaller children get more attention. In 1976 a law was passed to say that the minimum age of leaving school was 16 and though a child can work before then the hours and law restricts times. This means that children are financially dependent on their families for long periods of time especially if they go on to further education. Children are fully dependent on their parents and this can sometimes bring stress and tension to the family. Not all relationships between child and parents have improved as sadly cruelty to children is still widespread and the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (NSPCC) estimate that around 600 children are intentionally harmed by their parents each year.

Hip Hop Music: East Coast, West Coast, Dirty South, and Midwest Rap Ess

The beauty of hip hop is that it is malleable. It is not defined by strict boundaries but by multiple characteristics. Young artist J. Cole (2013) explains this best by stating in an interview, â€Å"I think there’s no rules [in rap]. You can say what you want. That’s your poetic license: to test people’s boundaries.† (p.1) The results of such malleability and the need to experiment within the unwritten boundaries of hip hop are the birth of different styles and sectors/scenes in America. These sectors are represented by the geographic location of the artists and the distinctive sounds and styles that the artists utilize. For years the genre of hip hop was found primarily in the United States in these particular scenes. In the past few years, however, Toronto has been making waves and slowly making a name for itself in the rap game due to the native artists gaining popularity and critical acclaim across the globe. As a result, it had come to question wheth er the Canadian city can be defined as its scene due to styles the artists from the city are using or whether or not the artists are simply mocking styles from other distinct hip hop scenes in America. When the genre of hip hop music was starting to emerge to mainstream America it was not classified into distinctive groups based on the type of rapping. Instead, artists were labeled based on the geographic location they were hailing from. Until the mid-1980’s, the majority of the rappers were hailing from the Big Apple. However with the introduction of new artists such as Ice-T and N.W.A., California would offer competition for the East Coast dominated genre. In the coming years, talented artists would emerge from all corners of the country. As a result, four distinctive scenes can b... ...so much?'. The Guardian. Web. 15 May 2015. http://www.theguardian.com/music/2012/mar/29/drake-why-hate-me-so-much Markit. (2013, October 1). 5 up and coming hip hop artists in Toronto. blogTO RSS. Web. 1 May 2015. http://www.blogto.com/music/2013/10/5_up_and_coming_hip_hop_artists_in_toronto/ One, D. (2001, December 1). The Geography Of Hip Hop. VICE. Web. 12 May 2015. http://www.vice.com/read/the-geography-v8n10 Walters, B. (2012, August 22). Frank Ocean, Miguel, and Holy Other Usher in PBR&B 2.0. SPIN. Web. 9 May 2015. http://www.spin.com/articles/frank-ocean-miguel-and-holy-other-usher-in-pbrb-20/ Wheeler, B. (2013, April 26). The Toronto rappers who really started from the bottomAdd to .... The Globe and Mail. Web. 6 May 2015. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/toronto/the-toronto-rappers-who-really-started-from-the-bottom/article11581851/

A Proposed Solution to Hiring More Employees

Meeting the list above will improve healthy lifestyles for employees to keep working at their full potential. 1. 0 Introduction 1. 1 Purpose The purpose of this report is to hire a reasonable amount of employees for direct care at Anoka Metro Regional Treatment Center. Hiring employees would cut down performance. 1. 2 Problem The staff mentioned the lack of staff to do the work. Employees were working more hours. They expressed their frustrations about not having holidays off. Not letting the staff know at head of time that they would be working forced overtime was frustrating to staff. Staff felt frustrated with continue mandatory overtime.Patients are staying longer for treatment. Security officers are constantly call on hospital units four to five times in eight hours to handle crisis. Management not listing to staff to hire employees was a lack of team work. 2. 0 Discussion 2. 1 Solution Hire more employees to take the load off the current employees. 2. 2 Benefits Hiring new empl oyees has many benefits. Here are a few of them: Employees could spend more time with family Employees would come to work happier The company would benefit by increasing productivity Benefit economy by giving more people work. It's cheaper than having current employees work overtime.Customers would have better service. 2. 3 costs Hiring new employees can be a costly process, but it will pay off in the long run. According to Joe Hadzima, a columnist for the Boston Business Journal and lecturer at MIT's Sloan School of Management, the salary and benefits totals is â€Å"1. 25 to 1. 4 times base salary range. † As shown by Figure 1 Wages and Salaries only equal about 70% of the cost to hire new employees. There are quite a few other expenses you must take into account. The True Cost of Hiring New Employees Figure 1 2. 4 Hiring Process The company could do mix of the following to find applicants: An ad in the paperAn internet ad Job fair if enough openings are available Recruiter at a college or university one after each other. It should take a week to get the ads out and another week for applicants to respond to the ads. After the interview it should take about 2 weeks to process the applicants. In about a month new employees should be working in the company. These positions could either be full time or part time whichever is necessary. 2. 5 Training Training is one of the most expensive things about hiring new employees but it's important for employees to get the proper training.It takes on average 5 months for new employees to become good at their work. According to the Studer Group, â€Å"A survey of 610 CEOs by Harvard Business School estimates that typical mid-level managers require 6. 2 months to reach their break-even point. † There are many benefits to training employees. Here are few of them: They won't damage expensive company property. Employees will be more productive and efficient at their work. Customers will be happier when they deal with well-trained employees. Other companies are more willing to work with your company if your employees know what they are doing.Average Hours Employees are Trained In A Year This chart shows how employers are training employees more in the last few years. Figure 2 3. 0 Conclusion 3. 1 Solution Hiring new employees is the best solution for companies who are constantly busy and employees are working a ton of hours. Here are some of the many benefits: Current employees could spend more time with family Employees would come to work happier, because theyll have more time to rest and relax. The company would benefit by increasing productivity. Hiring new people is also good for the local economy by giving more people work.It's heaper to hire new employees than have current employees work overtime. Customer would also be happier with more employees so that they would have better service. 3. 2 Time Frame It should take about a month to hire new employees. It will take about 5 months for the employees to be trained in unless they have previous experience. So new employees should be hired and fully trained in in 6 months.

Totalitarianism Soviet Stalin

To what extent was the Soviet Union a totalitarian state by 1939? The term ‘totalitarianism' emerged in the 1920s and '30s, to describe the dictatorial regimes which appeared at that time in Germany and the USSR. The Soviet Union was undoubtedly totalitarian by the late 1930s. However, Stalin's power was anything but absolute up until that time. It took the Great Terror, the cult of personality and two decades of political patronage to put him in a position where he could abandon the pretences of law and rule like a tsarist despot.According to the political scientist Carl Friedrich, a totalitarian regime is istinguished by the following characteristics: a powerful ideology, which promised the onset of a golden era; a single mass-based party, led by a charismatic dictator; a system of terror, built around a ruthless secret police force; and the centralised control of the economy, the mass media and the armed forces. Clearly, the Soviet Union shared all of these characteristics b y the late 1930s.As far as ideology was concerned, Marxism-Leninism offered a powerful and appealing vision for the nation: a society that was devoid of exploitation, and in which all men and women were qual. Of course, the reality in no way mirrored that vision, but this could be rationalised on the grounds that state control was necessary until capitalism had been vanquished elsewhere in the world. Marxism also offered a deterministic interpretation of history, in which all societies were moving towards socialism.Hence, dissidents (those who opposed the Stalinist vision) could be swept away on the grounds that they were standing in the way of history. Politically, the Soviet system had many characteristics of totalitarianism even before Stalin had consolidated his ule. Russia had become a one party state within a year of the Bolsheviks seizing power, and that party soon grew to have millions of members. With the outbreak of the civil war, the Cheka had been given the power to deal with enemies of the Revolution without the inconvenience of a trial.No one knows how many people were put to death in this way between 1918 and 1924, but it was at least 70,000 and possibly as many as a quarter ofa million. Even so, the Communist Party itself retained many democratic elements throughout the 1920s. Stalin needed the support f his colleagues to attain pre-eminence within the Politburo, and this dependence continued until the 1930s. Even as late as 1933, he was unable to persuade his colleagues to have dissident elements within the party put to death. Only two members of the Politburo (Molotov and Kaganovich) were willing to back him on this.Two others (Voroshilov and Kalinin) were reluctant to agree, while the rest (Kirov, Ordzhonikidze, Kossior, Kuibyshev and Rudzutak) were totally opposed. To obtain absolute power, Stalin needed to circumvent the traditional avenues of authority and resort directly to terror. Kirov's assassination gave him his chance. In 1936, he u nleashed a series of show trials, to discredit and eliminate his enemies within the Central Committee. In the first of these trials, in 1936, Stalin eliminated the so-called ‘Oppositionists' – those Old Bolsheviks who had tried to block his rise to power in the Os (men like Kamenev and Zinoviev).The second set ot trials, in 1937, was aimed at Stalin's own allies – those who had opposed him on issues such as collectivisation and the execution of party dissidents. Finally, in 1938, he eliminated the remaining members of Lenin's inner circle (men like Bukharin and Rykov). This was accompanied by a full-scale assault on every institution in the Soviet Union: the party, the army, the bureaucracy, the cultural organisations, the industrial enterprises, even the secret police. In all, 18 million people died during these purges.With his enemies dead, deported or terrorised into silence, Stalin now assumed the powers of a despot. As Alan Bullock has written, â€Å"Stalin felt strong enough to order the arrest of any of his colleagues without consultation or appeal to the Central Committee or anyone else – the classic definition of the tyrant's power. (Bullock: 525) However, fear was not the only factor underpinning Stalin's rule. Soviet totalitarianism was also characterised by the state's monopoly over economy, the mass media and the armed forces.As far as the economy was concerned, Stalin replaced NEP with a system of command socialism. Under this system, the state owned virtually all productive assets and ran the economy via central planning. Agricultural land was collectivised, and a series of Five Year Plans was introduced to facilitate industrialisation. Another area where the state enjoyed a monopoly was the media. There were over 10,000 newspapers in the country, and all were government owned or controlled. The regime also controlled the nation's cinemas and film production houses.

The Difference Between Good and Bad Writing

The Difference Between Good and Bad Writing Here are 10 writers and editors, ranging from Cicero to Stephen King, offering their thoughts on the differences between good writers and bad writers. 1. Dont Expect It to Be Easy You know what, it is so funny. A good writer will always find it very hard to fill a single page. A bad writer will always find it easy. (Aubrey Kalitera, Why Father Why, 1983) 2. Master the Fundamentals I am approaching the heart of this book with two theses, both simple. The first is that good writing consists of mastering the fundamentals (vocabulary, grammar, the elements of style) and then filling the third level of your toolbox with the right instruments. The second is that while it is impossible to make a competent writer out of a bad writer, and while it is equally impossible to make a great writer out of a good one, it is possible, with lots of hard work, dedication, and timely help, to make a good writer out of a merely competent one. (Stephen King, On Writing: A Memoir of the Craft, 2000) 3. Say What You Think A bad writer is a writer who always says more than he thinks. A good writerand here we must be careful if we wish to arrive at any real insightis a writer who does not say more than he thinks. (Walter Benjamin, journal entry, Selected Writings: Volume 3, 1935-1938) 4. Reach for the Best Word It is the misuse and overuse of vogue words that the good writer must guard against. . . . It is extraordinary how often you will find vogue words accompanied in the same sentence by pretentiousness or sloppiness or other signs of sickness. No motorist is to be blamed for sounding his horn. But if he sounds it repeatedly we are not only offended by the noise; we suspect him of being a bad driver in other respects too. (Ernest Gowers, The Complete Plain Words, revised by Sidney Greenbaum and Janet Whitcut, 2002) 5. Order Your Words The difference between a good and a bad writer is shown by the order of his words as much as by the selection of them. (Marcus Tullius Cicero, The Oration for Plancius, 54 B.C.) 6. Attend to the Details There are bad writers who are exact in grammar, vocabulary, and syntax, sinning only through their insensitivity to tone. Often they are among the worst writers of all. But on the whole, it can be said that bad writing goes to the roots: It has already gone wrong beneath its own earth. Since much of the language is metaphorical in origin, a bad writer will scramble metaphors in a single phrase, often in a single word... Competent writers always examine what they have put down. Better-than-competent writers- good writers- examine their effects before they put them down: They think that way all the time. Bad writers never examine anything. Their inattentiveness to the detail of their prose is part and parcel of their inattentiveness to the detail of the outside world. (Clive James, Georg Christoph Lichtenberg: Lessons on How to Write. Cultural Amnesia, 2007) 7. Dont Fake It In the course of a fairly long work, there are bound to be impasses. The writer must backtrack and choose other alternatives, observe more, and sometimes have bad headaches till he  invents something. Here lies the distinction between a good writer and a bad writer. A good writer does not fake it and try to make it appear, to himself or the reader, that there is a coherent and probable whole when there isnt. If the writer is on the right track, however, things fall serendipitously into place; his sentences prove to have more meaning and formative power that he expected; he has new insights; and the book writes itself. (Paul Goodman, Apology for Literature. Commentary, July 1971) 8. Know When to Quit Everyone who writes strives for the same thing. To say it swiftly, clearly, to say the hard thing that way, using few words. Not to gum up the paragraph. To know when to quit when youve done. And not to have hangovers of other ideas sifting in unnoticed. Good writing is precisely like good dressing. Bad writing is like a badly dressed woman- improper emphasis, badly chosen colors. (William Carlos Williams, review of Sol Funaroffs The Spider and the Clock, in New Masses, August 16, 1938) 9. Lean on Editors The less competent the writer, the louder his protests over the editing. . . . Good writers lean on editors; they would not think of publishing something that no editor had read. Bad writers talk about the inviolable rhythm of their prose. (Gardner Bots ford, A Life of Privilege, Mostly, 2003) 10. Dare to Be Bad And so, in order to be a good writer, I have to be willing to be a bad writer. I have to be willing to let my thoughts and images be as contradictory as the evening firing its fireworks outside my window. In other words, let it all in- every little detail that catches your fancy. You can sort it out later- if it needs any sorting. (Julia Cameron, The Right to Write: An Invitation and Initiation Into the Writing Life, 2000) And finally, heres a cheerless note to good writers from English novelist and essayist Zadie Smith: Resign yourself to the lifelong sadness that comes from never  ­being satisfied.

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Freud and psychoanalysis - Research Paper Example No matter what level of education an individual might have, it is likely he or she is familiar with the name of Sigmund Freud. Freud’s name is now synonymous with the theory of psychoanalysis. It is a science he essentially invented near the beginning of the 19th century. Sigmund Freud began his career as a medical doctor. He worked in Vienna with mental patients and it is because of this work that he is today considered one of the founding fathers of modern day psychology. It was while working with these patients that Freud developed the psychoanalytic theory. Clearly, Freud’s original training was not in the field that he started. He originally worked as a neurologist, but the common method of treating patients was to use hypnosis, something Freud wasn’t very good at but which forced him to take a more imaginative approach to treating the mind that would revolutionize the way people thought about thought (Robbins, 1999). Although Freud was obviously not the fir st individual to study how the mind worked and he would obviously not be the last, Freud is given credit for making the first major break-through in treating the mind as an entity existing at least partially separate from the body. He identified that there were at least three different levels of thought and realized that these levels interacted and intertwined. Putting these pieces together led to his development of psychotherapy. Freud classified three major components as comprising an individual’s psyche. These were the id, the ego and the superego. This intuitive leap from biological function to mental processes did not occur by accident. To fully understand Freud’s theories, his theoretical model of the human mind and how these ideas translate into his theories regarding human culture, it is necessary to understand how these ideas developed as well as how Freud expressed

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/analyze the contemporary globalization of one place - Research Paper Example This paper will give detailed proofs of how shanghai has undergone globalization and expanded from being local to international levels. The main mission of this paper is to enhance a better contact with shanghai. The underlying premise depicts that Shanghai is a rich city for Globalization. Instead of viewing globalization as an external factor influencing Shanghai, this paper will show how globalization is inherent in the city of Shanghai and that the investigation of the distinctive features of Shanghai starting from the abandoned factories which are now viewed as creative clusters, to the Lilong architectures, luxury malls and street peddlers lights up the world globalization both in the past and the future. The main factors that have led to shanghai globalization are the tourism attractions, the Shanghai’s resurgence, competition of the Chinese cities and the tale of two cities (shanghai and Hong Kong). There are other unmentioned factors that have seen shanghai in to globalization. Shanghai is a global city which sees itself as the city of the future. This continued belief of the Shanghai globalization is driven by the history of the city. With this in mind, questions like can shanghai reanimate the cosmopolitanism of its past? Will its attempts of fostering a culture of creativity succeed? Can it bear an urban golden age that is energetic and innovative enough to influence the rest of the world just like New York or London arise. First shanghai will be viewed as a model of development and trading partner for India. (Liu, 786). Secondly, the city will be regarded as one of the important zones of economic opportunity within the larger Chinese world. Without the global business networks of the Taiwanese, Hong Kong and the Chinese American entrepreneurs, shanghai city would not have risen to higher levels. Additionally, the city will be viewed as a magnet for the migration within the country of China. Back in the old

Compare and contrast the theories

Compare and contrast the theories Part I 1. Compare and contrast the theories and basic treatment models of Albert Ellis and Aaron T. Beck. Include a discussion of the structure, theoretical/philosophical positions, therapist activity, demands on the client, and empirical support. Albert Elliss basic treatment model is rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT). The theoretical basis of Elliss model is that individuals routinely cope with life issues by reconstructing their beliefs, affect, and behaviors in adaptation to the problem (Ellis, 2000). While this psychological process seems like a positive way to adapt in regards to an issue, many individuals inevitably construct poor beliefs and behave in a repetitive and maladaptive manner. Meaning, that not only does the problem still exist in one way or another, but that the behavior, or more specifically the schematic agenda, created by this poor cognitive process only adds to a schema that is poorly built. In this regard, the future result of the next problem will be dealt with poorly all over again due to a lack of introspection of the past consequences or possibly simply due to a lack of individual skills. Additionally, REBT considers that most individuals bring about problems for themselves by creating personal imperatives (Ellis, 2000). These personal imperatives involve internal statements that include: I will perform well to gain others approval, my life should be trouble-free and enjoyable, and everyone should treat me well (Ellis, 2005). In this manner, when these expectations (demands) are not met, individuals create their own affective misery. In response to this, therapists using REBT are expected to use a more directive manner than when using a psychodynamic approach, for example. Clients are shown how to acknowledge and then dispute within themselves their irrational beliefs. In addition, therapists not only give the clients unconditional acceptance, but the therapist must gives themself Unconditional Self-Acceptance (aka USA) (Ellis, 2005). Becks Cognitive therapy rests on the principle of collaborative empiricism (Hollon Beck, 2000). Cognitive therapy theorizes that clients have automatic thoughts and that these thoughts are incorrect beliefs, therefore, they create maladaptive behaviors (Wenzel, Brown, Beck, 2009). A cognitive therapist would teach their clients how to think more like a scientist by showing them that their beliefs are not necessarily facts. Meaning, client would collect data from their issues, their behaviors, and their consequences, and pseudo-empirically test their possibly irrational beliefs. Within this process, the hope is that the automatic thoughts will be addressed and corrected. Though, Becks Cog ­nitive therapy is somewhat different than Elliss Rational Emotive-Behavior Ther ­apy (REBT). While they both have their basis in the processes of cognition and how those thoughts motivate behavior, one could argue that REBT uses the influence of logic reasoning to change the clients schema (Hollon Beck, 2000). Also, Becks Cog ­nitive therapy differs from REBT because there is an emphasis in the testing of beliefs in-vivo from an empirical point of view. In either type of cognitive-based therapy, there are a large degree of empirical data that supports how effective CBT is. In fact, there are studies that suggest CBT is more effective than medication for depression (McGinn, 2000). 2. The First Wave was behavior therapy. The Second Wave was Cognitive and cognitive-behavioral therapy. The Third Wave includes the works of Hayes and Linehan. Is the Third Wave a wave, a tsunami, or just a gentle lapping at the shore? How are these waves different? The first wave, Behavior therapy, is based upon the theories of classical conditioning and operant conditioning developed by B.F. Skinner and Ivan Pavlov. Behavior-based therapy considers the behaviors antecedent and reaction, then viewing how the consequence is processed to influence the occurrence and the repetition of the same behavior (Skinner, 1969). The second wave involves the addition of the cognitive model. This model is based on how interpretations or misinterpretations are created and how they eventually relate to the individuals affective experiences and the behavior that is manifested. (Wenzel, Brown, Beck, 2009). The combination of behavioral and cognitive aspects in this wave is the use of reinforcers that are directly related to personal experiences. Meaning, that the exposure of thoughts, reinforcers, and behaviors to the client will help in the realization of negative thought patterns in relation to their situation. Thus, in the true essence of CBT, they will be ab le to scrutinize themselves, the world, and the future. The hope is that the client will work, with the therapist, towards beneficial life changes. The third wave is its own wave. This wave of Cognitive therapy was developed as a consequence of the restructuring process of the second wave of Cognitive Therapy. As described by Linehan Dimeff (2001), Dialectic Behavioral Therapy (DBT) was created due to the failures of standard Cognitive and/or Behavioral therapy. It is suggested that too much emphasis was put on change the of individual which resulted in an invalidation of the client; an invalidation of the ability of the client to succeed when they have, in their perception, failed so much already. Therefore, a large conceptual part of DBT is skills training of emotion regulation, interpersonal effectiveness, mindfulness, and distress tolerance (Linehan Dimeff, 2001, p. 1). DBT purposefully takes into account not only the change that needs to occur cognitively, but also the in the moment affect of the client. Concurrently with DBT, Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) was created by Steven Hayes as a psychological intervention that also uses mindfulness but has a spotlight on personal acceptance (Hayes, 2009). Hayes coins a term called psychological flexibility, in where an individual is able to fully connect to themselves in spite of the changing situations and personal mood. With this flexibility in mind, the third wave CBT and the mindfulness concept differs from traditional second wave CBT due to highly dynamic approach that is expected from the therapist towards the client. Maybe too simply put, 2nd wave CBT focuses highly on »Ã‚ ¿ cognition while DBT focuses more on behavior and skills (or lack of). Therefore, the central aspect of the new third wave CBT is helping clients review and accept their thoughts in order to alter the maladaptive automatic reactions they have been using to cope. CBT is not just how your cognitions effect your behavior, but an attempt to understand the complex interconnection of schemas that produce reactions in all areas of functioning including: affect, physiology, and behavior (Claessens, 2010). 3. From your reading and research what would be the main points of agreement and difference between: 1) CBT, 2) psychodynamic therapy, and 3) family systems therapy. While psychodynamic therapy and family systems therapy agree that human development is largely determined by significant interpersonal relationships, and that this understanding is crucial to treatment, CBT places greater emphasis on the individual. The main focus of CBT is placed only on the person in therapy, their schemas, automatic thoughts, and cognitive distortions (Freeman Eig, n.d.). Conversely, psychodynamic theory revolves around feelings and behavior being determined by interactions with others. Transference plays a key role in understanding present patterns of behavior which originated in previous attachment-based relationships (Leichsenring, Hiller, Weissberg, Leibing, 2006). Psychodynamic psychotherapy aims to identify problematic relationships from the past and to provide the client with a safe, therapeutic relationship, as well as helping them build additional positive relationships. While family systems therapy also works within the context of attachment-based rela tionships, the focus is on the relational dynamics taking place in the moment. Family and couples therapists work with all affected people, together and separately, in order to address intrapersonal and interpersonal dysfunction (Liddle, 2010). CBT and psychodynamic therapy both address the clients core beliefs, though how these beliefs were formed is not necessarily crucial to CBT based treatment. Family systems puts the focus on developing positive interactions between family members. Meanwhile, relationships in family systems therapy are already established and occurring in the present (Liddle, 2010). Psychodynamic therapy focuses on harmful relationships of the past and understanding them, but not always focusing on building positive relationships in the future. While both the CBT and Psychodynamic approach attempt to diminish psychopathological symptoms and grief, a very central difference between CBT and psychodynamic therapy is that psychodynamic therapy attempts to determine at why you feel or behave the way you do. Specifically, psychodynamic therapy concentrates on trying to uncover the deep and often unconscious motivations for feelings and behavior whereas CBT does not necessarily consider this a priority you cant see whats ahead of you when youre looking over your shoulder (Freeman, 1993, 2011). In practice, CBT attempts to lessen the clients suffering as quickly as possible training their mind to replace maladaptive thought patterns, perceptions, and conduct with helpful ones in order to modify behavior and affect. Part II 1. How is structure used in CBT? What is the purpose of structuring the sessions? What techniques would be used to achieve the structure for the therapy and for the sessions? Structure in therapy can have several meanings. Structure could mean the format of the therapy as a whole, whether it would be very brief, short-term, or long-term. Structure could mean the environment of where therapy takes place, such as in a hospital or in a private office. However, the most relevant and crucial meaning of structure within CBT is the structure of the session. 45-50 minutes a week is not a great length of time, so the structure of CBT in practice should be designed to be as efficient as possible. Each session should be a meaningful exchange between therapist and client. The therapists and clients collaborative goals should always be center stage, but the set agenda needs to take precedence. As Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon (1990) notes, spending a few minutes each session is an asset to the therapeutic milieu and is possibly the most valuable technique in creating a environment of progression instead of digression. A typical structure of a session as described by Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon (1990) involves: agenda setting, a review of clients current status, consideration of events of the past week, requesting feedback regarding previous session, review any homework from the previous session, a focus on main agenda issues, develop any new homework, and once again looking for feedback regarding current session (p.17). Taking into consideration how the client and therapist envision the sessions while creating a agenda allows redirection of the client when the discussion goes off the expect path, but also reduces the likelihood that the client will feel pushed around or invalidated (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). Additionally, a client who is defensive, aggressive, or always in crisis may make the progression of the weekly session unstable when a joint program is not set (Persons, Davidson, Tompkins 2001). Therefore, the collaboration between client and therapist when setting the main agenda is essential. If this teamwork does not occur, in where the therapist decides completely the topic of the session, the client may not effectively grasp the meaningfulness of the session due to a lack of motivation because they do not feel involved. Additionally, a lack of review of the agenda with the client may also put the inexperienced therapist unsure of where to go next in the session (Persons, Davidson, Tompkins 2001). The termination of a session should not be an unexpected and sudden event for the client. A therapist must bring some sort of closure in relation to goals of the session while allowing sufficient time to address the ending of therapy and any issues the client still has. (Joyce, Piper, Ogrodniczuk, Klein (2007). Therefore, even with an opportunity for feedback about the previous session toward the beginning of a session, there should be a set time for feedback about the curren t session at the end of the therapy. In both instances, this time allows for a discussion of problems that may have occurred, such as errors in communication, misunderstandings, or general feedback from the client (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). 4. How is Narcissistic Personality Disorder defined, assessed, conceptualized, and treated? How does a therapist deal with this resistant patient? Narcissistic Personality Disorder is defined by cognitive processes that involve selective attention of the meaning of events and dichotomous thinking (Freeman, n.d.). This dysfunctional internal thought arrangement is due to the postulation that the individual considers themselves as special, or just better than others. However, from a psychodynamic perspective, the definition of the disorder changes a bit. Ledermann (1982), describes the disorder as something of an opposite of an individual who considers themselves as special or has a proclivity to engage in self-worship, it is the inability to love oneself and hence the inability to love another personThey are fixated on an early defense structure which springs into being in infancy-when, for whatever reasons, there is a catastrophically bad fit between the baby and the mother, frequently compounded by the lack of an adequate father and by other inimical experiences in childhood. Babies, thus deprived, grow into persons who lack t rust in other peopleThey experience their lives as futile and empty, and their feelings as being frozen or split off (p.303). This psychodynamic perspective is a bit extremist and obviously over-analyzed. To say that the narcissistic individual is unable to love is akin to calling an individual with low self esteem a sociopath. On second thought, it has been noted that a narcissistic individuals is very similar to a sociopath due to a lack of empathy for others and no desire to do what is right (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). Regardless, one could argue that the narcissistic individual really does suffer from low esteem. That maybe they are grasping at the straws of the world looking for someone to approve of them. The more likely reality is that on a day by day, second to second process, the narcissistic individual is looking for aspects of their lives and environment that feed or fit into their own schema of how great they are. This could also entail an ignoring of any evidence that goes contrary to their belief structure. Therefore, the treatment and the goal of therapy for the narcissistic individual is not to necessarily expose the cognitive flaws and the interpersonal manipulations that have occurred. Doing so would go against the foundation of the narcissistic individuals schematic structure and probably prematurely end therapy (Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, 1990). First, a realization of the difficulty that lies ahead must occur for the client and the therapist. There must be a observed equalization of power between the therapeutic alliance because preventing a power struggle is generally the first step that must be taken. Freeman, Pretzer, Fleming, Simon, (1990) allude to the idea that homework assignments may not be the best approach with these individuals due to the likelihood of noncompliance because of the patients belief that they are special. Instead the therapist must present the therapy to the client as something of great value to them instead of a type of humiliation (Freeman, n.d .). A resistant patient such as this is not only opposing to feedback or questioning, they see it as a fundamental aggressive criticism that attacks their very existence. Due to their innate response to invalidate a therapists statement or view, a therapist must be dynamic and hold an absolute positive regard towards the individual and appear to appreciate deeply what is stated by the client.